sasso



Aug. 10, 1943. I M sAsso 2,326,688

STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS Filed Jan. 31, 1941 .2 Sheets-Sheet 1 11v wszvroze vawr/ce? Jassa ATTORNEY indicated by mic 1-1 on Fig.

interlaced together as shown for, v greatest strength and stability.

tural frame of a building, therefore permitting earlier occupancy of the building.

This application is a continuation; in part, of my former application Serial No. 211,826, filed in the United States Patent Office June 4, 1938.

Other-objects, advantages and features of invention will hereinafter appear.

Fig. l is a partial plan view of one of the of a building.

Fig. 2 is a partial-elevational view of the same building. 7

Fig. 3 is a sectional view takenon an enlarged scale on the plane indicated by line 33 on Fig. 1. v

Fig. 4 is a sectional detail takenonthe plane indicated by line 4-4 on Fig. 3.

Fig. 5 is a sectional detail taken-on the plane indicated by line 5-5 on Fig.3. 1

Fig. 6 is a sectional detail taken on theplane floors ;Fig. 7 .isa sectionalfdetailtaken onlthe'plane indicated by lined- 5 on Fig. l.

The drawingsillustrate a. re

vend the same. but it is'to be understood that the drawings and description; thereof are to limit the invention in any sense whatsoever,

center thereof. Outer ;columns 2' {and .3 are oblong in horizontal section and-have their greatest radius of :gyratien parallel with their respective sides of the building. The @cerners :of the building are preferably .provided ,withangular-ly constructed columns- 4, the legs thereof being The columns; ,2 are madeup of spaced apart-eornerangle :5 which run -.f-13om $11G foundation of the building to the height thereof.

: h s ale :irons maybe made of splat-slit! of 7, lengths welded-or otherwise securely fixed end to end. Each of these columns are provided horizontal strutsxorsbars 6 and which, day n'ef- V ercnce and as :shelwnare aslmmmnglehms'sew I curely welded, .rivetedor otherwise-fixed to the vertical corner-members. :5 :Betweenfihe ihorizontal struts areiplaoed-thediagonalstness members or stinenersfi which are mlsosshaap tangle irons and which a're securely fixed the elements 5,5 and 1. Between the :struts are also placed horizentahrrokes Spaced yer- I V ferredjform of the invention and teach howto m-ake,-use and per-prises 16f l substantially square in horizontal section. These columns I comprise horizontal struts lt on all sides which are rigidly fixed in any suitable manner to the vertically spaced apart angles h'l. Diagonal stress members or stifieners (not shown) but similar to 8 and it in columns 2 and 4 respectively. Also horizontal-yokes 36 as shown in Figure'3 are employed to complete a well designed column. g The floor framing consists principally of girder sections 2!! andZOa and cross beams 2|, 21a, as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the drawings. The girders 29 are structural steel I-members, where as the girders 20a and beam 2| are preferably structural steel channel members. The girders and beams are spaced in accordance with good practice to carry and distribute the various floor loads for which they are designed. The girders and beams 21b and 2 I c are rigidly joined together at the-points indicated by 22 in Fig. 1 and better she'wninliig.6. I The leheams 21b and 210 (Fig. 6) have their juxtaposed ends out one bias indicated-byes andarepositioned so that .theintopflanges are slightly spaced from the top flange .of the girder,

' as indicated at 2 4., the lower flanges of the-beam being slightlyspaced ,from the web of the girder Z'O -as indicated by {25. This spacing allowsrfor erection and'connection-oi these members.- The 3 bottom flanges of the beams 21b and 210 rest upon the top edges ofgthe angular plates :26,

v each plate .25 being welded .o,r :-0therwise securely changes of. the-beams 2 lb and 214 c as fixed to the bottom flanges ot-the beams, also the lower portion .offthe girder web; and to the .fiange ofthe girder. In order to iseour lytie ti e ends :of the beams together, a 1318 plate-consisting or a channel 21 is 7 provided :having ;;-it s;web seeurelywelded or otherwise fixed toy-t stop as th top-flange or the :girder .20. I

7, The-details oteolumns 1 are best 5130 61113112 ,8 ;and,5 and new be describeds.Thisgcoh ticallynas bestv suited as shown, :to completely form a stablecol-unm. V v

The corner columns is eonstrncted-rxtrinner Q'Ihe colu ns; are very'isi rnilarjtolthe cohunns Q' and comprise the horizontal angles '15 an is rigidly fixed to the vertical angles flli These columns are allsojrovid'ed with: diagonal stress "members (not shown) "sim'i 1arto "l' l'andlB'of the v other columns and horizontal .yokes. 3.6.1, The

columns'1 'arealso cans-unmade amanner'similar' to "the columns '2 "and 3 except that they ere vareisp'a'lced 'as-shewniin 6,. 7 ppm are attached by weld.

made upfiupri htg-an i s' l-B'spawd shown to lay-pass the. ibeanrs which the horizontal per pheral :girdeps,.- to tr its- 1 are rigidly fixed, these struts-being .at th pmpereleyation to receive the bottom-flan esof the beams girders which join in thegcenter the ,1- column. fIThe .girde-r 23 may of 2a difi erqent depth thanbeam li, the formerwbeingshown in the. drawings as deeper than :the latter, there tore-the struts which-act A V v the girders may be spaced .thestruts acting as .Ebear-ingm-s- ,ln Fries the grease; are h w to the lower pair of opposite struts beams .21 and 12m are biased as shown at lee 3 and s t -It -t ably b W l n tln rwise. ikbfthe 16w pin-t oi'the .web 2n. Like 'tl-leg'toint sho n 1m bar 311 .is fully. connected .tothe atop flanges .ot-tha beams a da so to lure. re assesses the .g-i-rder by weld ng r o h wise, ltliiis. -rie d ysent-m .them together, The bottom 'fianges" ,o-ibeams 2"l..,and*;21d are connected, -asilby the ding .or otherwise t -the hari11g.anglesi 3. w 1011 111 .turnare rigidlyconnectedlto .the colihnnllegs and shut the web of f'the. girder to when" they are ;rigidly o ecte .Th'is tweet 1.3 mi, ,m k which the top .andnhottorn flanges devcloped l0l lperceht n'id theshear-carried nus. 3)"'b"y 1independent strutanembers il8-jore1se bystrutlnembers l8 and 29, is structurallyfullycontinuous I'l'ieselbeams rest comprise theluprights 5, to which long struts E and short struts I are rigidly fixedpreferably-by welding orotherwise. The wall girder 25a, in the form of a channel iron, or any otherstructural shape best fitted for the purpose, rests upon and is rigidly attached by welding or otherwise to the short struts 1 whereas the beams 21 rest upon the long struts 6, the girder Zila and the beam 2! being attached in such a manner to their respective supports that they are free to rock onthem. The beam is tied to the girder, however, by a sec ticn of channel indicated by 3| which is welded or otherwise secured to the web of the channel and the web of the I-beam as shown. When the beam 2! is being placed into its position in the framing (Fig. 3), the end toward the column 2 is first swung into place because of the large c1earance provided between the channel web and the end of the beam to be placed thereat. The other end of the beam 2| is then swung into place so .as to rest upon the angle 29 of the girder 20.

' fore, has one end biased, as shown at 23 in Fig.

3, but the other end has an offset cut 32 and a short biased cut 33. To install the beam Zia, the end 23 is first swung into place to rest upon the angle 29, and then the end 32-33 is lifted and set into place uponthe support 18. In order to close the gap between the end 32 and web of girder 2% and to rigidly fix the beam to the girder 29, plates 3 l'are placed thereatjas shown. These plates are welded r riveted to the cut end'32 I of the beam and also to the web of the girders.

From the foregoing, it is apparent that the entire floor framing is equal to an integral piece. Since the floor framing is not fixed to the vertical members of the columns, it does not set up such inflexible stresses in the columns as would result if it were directly secured to their vertical members.

This invention is essentially an improvement on the art of design and construction, and not only makes the structure absolutely saft (structurally) but economical and speedy of erection as well.

The continuity of girders in accordance with. this invention is attained by eliminating the usual I kind of connection of the girder to the column The columns bearing all vertical loads are each made up of four vor more'leg hremb'era preferably angle 'iron secticns, or specialsections suit able for the conditionsfmade continuous prefe'r'-. ably by butt Welding (not shown) fir-"otherwise, the splice being made at any point desired- The.

. vertical corner members thereof are spread-apart a distance not less than that 'required to pass and beams 'tlrroughj with desired the girders clearances.

The-fioor-of a building constructed according I to this invention is a rigid continuous diaphragm because the beams and girders as 'set forth are truly continuousand the columns nearl y'free of induced bending-. The horizontal 'loadsthrough this diaphragm (floorl can-be directed'tojresist ing elements such as interior walls, exterior pilaster and walls, etc., designed to resist horizontal loads in additionto' vertical loads. This facilitates computations in that it will not retally combined loads. I definite, and consequently a more correctdeter mination of stresses.

From Figs. 3 and 6 it will be seen that the girder I sections 29a (which are channel shaped in cross section) and the girder sections 20 .(I-shaped in cross section) all have their webs extending vertically as to theirwidthsn These sections 20a and 20 form a part of the connection between the horizontal floor members and the columns; and, owing to the fact that the greaterpart of the vertical extent of each of their webs is in an unattached relation to the surrounding structure, said sections are of a slightly'yielding char acter.

' of the web is in an unattachedrelation to'the surporting columns, it is continuous from one 001- when more than one length is required amoment splice preferably located at point of zero shear in rounding Structure nd in. the corresponding] Websshown in the righthand'portionof this I 7 view, and in-its'left hand'portiomin each caseii web portions of considerablevertical extentare' free'from welds or other attaching means; These; unattached web sections permit a minute yielding under heavy stresses, which conserves the whole structure when subjected to severe shocks. 7

The columns 2, 3 and 4along the outeriwalls of the building have their greatest cross-sectional spread'parallel with their respective, adjacent" walls; this gives these columns a large moment" I of inertia; and since the horizontal force'resistje d' 'L f by acolumn is directly proportional-to its mo-j ment of inertia in the direction ofthe force, .7 the side wall columns along with :the usual-. fill-in structure becomecapable of' resisting the i larger iact or of safety.

horizontal forces With a I claim:

2. In ametallic frame building havingv a plui rality of'inside and outside columns supporting r I one or morehoriz'ontal fabricated rigid frames, said columns having large air .cores and bordersfl of horizontal members fixed to theqcolumns, said frames comprising "a plurality of beams rigidly j joined together in the air cores of thejcolur'nns, I 1 said beams having subjacent support'upon said 1 I members, the'outsidecolumn's being oblong in horizontal section and having their, greatest width parallel to the outside wallsof the building. 2. Ina building structure having an core columns ,whichhavevertical corner legsand horif zontal floor members; horizontal supports fixed f ,to thelegs and forming a perimet'rical part or In the I-beam web sho'wnxin the central portion of Fig. 3, about two-thirds of the breadth thei sps tive v 9111 41 as. s id membm ag n .tshn u -h. 3 1s: ql m gs ns heme cqmira qus b9: ween them and las ing 2 the 5129mm afi P0- ",siti ns s a d mm h? 1635 ou the Qlumn m1 membe s havin rigid n nestipn wi h "QB? an:

other and non-ri d cqnn tion with 19 col mns whg eb a m mbers nii qgk W19? r p fi 1 9 the ol mns: 1 v r .3, In .a bu ld ng 'str qt e ha in e l sqna um s wmh pntinu w v tiqa la 99 tinuous horizontal floor mempers,. hqxizontal 'supports secured externally to adjacent", legs of f qm e a 2 WWW h hav qgyed to es, a hgrizorityi Q00; girdp .QI 

